Azathioprine Tablets

Azathioprine is a medication used primarily to suppress the immune system in various medical conditions. It is commonly prescribed to prevent rejection in organ transplant patients and to treat autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), and certain skin conditions like pemphigus vulgaris.

Drug Class: Immunomodulator, Immunosuppressant

Mechanism of Action: Azathioprine works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins in rapidly dividing cells, particularly those of the immune system. This action suppresses the immune response, which can be beneficial in preventing rejection of transplanted organs and in managing autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.

Indications:

• Prevention of organ rejection in kidney, liver, and heart transplants
• Treatment of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and pemphigus vulgaris

Dosage and Administration: Azathioprine is usually taken orally in the form of tablets. The dosage varies depending on the specific medical condition, patient’s weight, and individual response to the medication. It is typically started at a low dose and gradually increased under medical supervision. The medication is often taken once daily.

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to azathioprine or its components
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding (unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks)
• Severe bone marrow suppression or other significant blood disorders

Precautions and Warnings:

• Regular blood tests are essential to monitor blood cell counts, liver function, and kidney function while taking azathioprine.
• Patients with a history of bone marrow suppression, liver disease, or kidney disease should be closely monitored.
• It may take several weeks to months to notice the full effects of azathioprine. Do not discontinue the medication abruptly without consulting a healthcare professional.
• Live vaccinations should be avoided while on azathioprine, as the immune response may be impaired.
• Patients should be cautious when exposed to infections, as the immune system suppression can increase the risk of infections.

Side Effects: Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and mild skin rash. Serious side effects may include bone marrow suppression (resulting in anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia), increased risk of infection, liver toxicity, and a small increased risk of lymphoma and other malignancies.

Drug Interactions:

• Allopurinol: Increases the levels of active azathioprine in the body, which can lead to increased toxicity. Dose adjustments may be needed.
• Warfarin: Azathioprine can affect the metabolism of warfarin, an anticoagulant, potentially necessitating adjustments in warfarin dosage.
• ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Combination with azathioprine can increase the risk of leukopenia.

Overdose: In case of overdose, immediate medical attention is necessary. Overdose symptoms may include severe vomiting, diarrhea, blood disorders, and signs of infection.

It’s important to note that this description is intended to provide a general overview of azathioprine tablets. If you or someone you know is prescribed this medication, always follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider and refer to the official prescribing information for detailed and up-to-date guidance.